Protecting Your Personal Details On Our Website - 2286 Words

Privacy Policy Protecting your personal details on our website unbrandedtablets.com whose registered office is at 90 Sissons Road,Middleton ,West Yorkshire, Leeds Ls10 4JY, knows that you care how information about you is used and shared and we appreciate your trust in us to do that carefully and sensibly. This notice describes our privacy policy and forms part of our website terms and conditions (Website Terms). By accepting our Website Terms or by visiting www.unbrandedtablets.com (the Website) you are accepting and consenting to the practices described in this Privacy Policy. The Website is brought to you by unbrandedtablets.com Limited. unbrandedtablets.com Limited believes it is important to protect your Personal Data (as†¦show more content†¦You may change your mind at any time by emailing us at the address below. Some of the Personal Data we hold about you may be sensitive personal data within the meaning of the Data Protection Act 1998, for example, information about your gender or your date of birth. 1. Collecting Information We may collect Personal Data about you from a number of sources, including the following: 1.1. From you when you agree to take a service or product from us, in which case this may include your contact details, date of birth, how you will pay for the product or service and your bank details. 1.2. From you when you contact us with an enquiry or in response to a communication from us, in which case, this may tell us something about how you use our services. 1.3. From documents that are available to the public, such as the electoral register. 2. Using Your Personal Information 2.1. Personal Data about our customers is an important part of our business and we shall only use your Personal Data for the following purposes and shall not keep such Personal Data longer than is necessary to fulfill these purposes: 2.1.1. To help us to identify you when you contact us. 2.1.2. To help us to identify accounts, services and/or products which you could have from us or selected partners from time to time. We may do this by automatic means using a scoring system, which uses the Personal Data you have provided and/or any

Applying Operant Conditioning to Human Behaviour Essay

Applying Operant Conditioning to Human Behaviour Operant conditioning is when a way of learning by consequence. To put it basic, an action which is rewarded is more likely to be repeated, along with an action that is punished is less likely to be repeated. To apply this to an example of human behaviour, young children may have shaped behaviour due to operant conditioning; where desireable behaviour is rewarded (e.g. by giving a toy) the behaviour is being positively reinforced and is likely to occur. If a young child behaves in an undesirable way, then they may be punished (e.g. a toy being taken away from them) therefore this behaviour is negatively reinforced and is less likely to reoccur.†¦show more content†¦Observational learning is seeing what happens to other people and whether they are rewarded for their behaviours, or punished for their behaviours. The imitative side to this is repeating the desirable behaviour which was observed, or avoid repeating the undesirable behaviour. E.g. Kevin is walking down a street and sees a gentleman drop his wallet on the floor without knowing. Somebody then quickly picks up the wallet and runs and gives the gentleman the wallet, who then offers to buy the person a drink for their help. This is a reward for the person, and Kevin would recognize this, and learn from the occasion, even though Kevin was not directly reinforced. This is known as Vicarious reinforcement, which is observing somebody else. However, if the behaviour of the person was undesirable, such as they picked up the wallet and ran away, then Kevin is likely to see this as a lead to punishment rather than reinforcement, and because of this, is less likely to imitate the behaviour. Observational learning takes place around models, and the model in the example was the person who picked up the wallet. The differences between Observational, Imitation learning, and the operant and classical conditioning learning, is that operant and classical only relate to the single organism and its respon sesShow MoreRelatedEssay Operant Conditioning1743 Words   |  7 Pages Classical conditioning is a method used in behavioral studies. It is known as classical because it is the first study of laws of learning/conditioning, It is a learned reaction that you do when evoked by a stimulus. Ivan Pavlov was the scientist who discovered classical conditioning. Ivan Pavlov was born in Russia. He lived from 1849 - 1936 . Pavlov’s field of study was physiology and natural science. One of Pavlov’s discoveries was the conditioning of dogs. While working withRead MoreChallenging Behavior in People With Learning Disabilities Through a Psychological Perspective887 Words   |  4 PagesThis task will be focused on a service user group, more specifically on adults. It will explain challenging behaviour in people with learning disabilities through a psychological perspective which is behaviourism, and finally discuss how a social worker could address the issue by applying a psychological intervention or approach which will be behaviour modification. Valuing People (2001) recognises that learning disability can limit a person’s daily functions which can result in low status withinRead MoreStudents Attitudes And Behaviors Towards Learning And Managing A Classroom1508 Words   |  7 PagesTeachers these days are indubitably facing many challenges regarding their students’ attitudes and behaviours towards learning and managing a classroom. Teachers have an important role to play in creating a positive classroom environment that is conducive to learning, keeping their students engaged and motivated to learn. 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The different theories present conflicting explanations that attemptRead MoreDiscussion on Classical Conditioning as an Explanation of Learning1629 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion on Classical Conditioning as an Explanation of Learning We use the term classical conditioning to describe one type of associative learning in which there is no contingency between response and reinforcer. This situation resembles most closely the experiment from Pavlov in the 1920s, where he trained his dogs to associate a bell ring with a food-reward. In such experiments, the subject initially shows weak or no response to a conditioned stimulus (CS, e.g. the bell), but a measurableRead MoreLearning Theories Of Learning Through Conditioning And Association Essay2161 Words   |  9 Pagesand then stored in the brain. Two Learning theories of learning are Behaviourism and Constructivism. Behaviourism is the theory of learning through conditioning and association. 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Skinner went on to further developRead MoreBehaviourism: Classical Conditioning and Neutral Stimulus2992 Words   |  12 Pagesconsideration is useless in explaining behavior. One of the best-known aspects of behavioral learning theory is classical conditioning. Discovered by Russian physiologist  Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. It s important to note that classical conditioning involves placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring reflex. In Pavlov s classic experiment with dogs, the neutralRead MoreBehaviourist and Social Learning2452 Words   |  10 Pagesof a nurse’s job is to promote healthful behaviour. When a patient is admitted to hospital it is often their physical illness that can cause a lot of emotional distress. This means gaining a better understanding of how people cope with illnesses whether acute or chronic. Understanding health psychology will enable health care professionals to instigate healthful behaviours or ease stressful behaviours in patients. There are many evidence based behaviours that healthcare professionals can use toRead More‘Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Behaviour in Terms of the Learning Principles That Sustain and Maintain It. Discuss This Statement and Show How a Behaviourist’s Approach to Therapy Is in Stark Contrast to a Psychoanalytic. ’2499 Words   |  10 Pages‘Behaviourists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic.’ Introduction In this essay I intend to compare and contrast the behaviourist perspective with a psychoanalytical approach to therapy, in relation to the above statement and will explore their fundamental principles and differences. Throughout the centuries

European Imperialism free essay sample

The period from 1700 to 1900 is dominated by European Imperialism, and it is no wonder that that would strongly affect the flow of long-distance migrants. During this time, people moved for the same reason they always did: better opportunities, yet the manifestation of these opportunities and their location were shifting. New technologies and the rise of imperialism affected the flow of people to the united States, from or to Asia, and from Africa. Time and again Inhabitants of the united States resented new immigrants and foreigners, Ironically, the original settlers were Immigrants themselves, and the deflnltlon of foreigner changed frequently as Immigrants settle In, became American, and brand new wave of foreign Immigrants swept In to take Jobs from Americans. This resentment of long-distance Immigrants Is seen not only In the united States, but all over the world, In as diverse places as Great Britain and China, and this xenophobic view of change Is not at all new. We will write a custom essay sample on European Imperialism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When the Irish and Germans Immigrated to the united States, they were disliked by the Anglo-Saxon Protestants: when Immigrants from Eastern Europe arrived, they were esented by the now American Irish and Germans; when Chinese railroad workers and gold miners arrived, they were certainly not welcomed by the totally American population. Though these long-distance immigrants hailed from different places over time, the pattern of distrust and hostility persisted in the united States and elsewhere. Historically speaking, the people of Eastern/Southeastern Asia did not tend to immigrate to Europe before Imperialism. (Nor the other way around). The Chinese who emigrated from China were largely those who sought better pportunities and ultimately meant to return after making enough money the same, incidentally, is true for many Europeans who emigrated from Europe looking for opportunities, though their circumstances were quite different. China at this time was still a largely agricultural nation, subject to involuntary European influence through the spheres of influence. Whereas before, China was largely self-sufficient and isolated, the increasing globalization caused by imperialism made it possible and even attractive to seek riches elsewhere, which is why many Chinese (and Japanese) moved to the United States. In fact, to return to aforementioned xenophobia, the immigrants concerned the USA so much that they, in the late 1800s, severely restricted immigration from China and Japan, through laws and a treaty respectively. In addition to people moving from China, colonial powers moved Into Asia, and some of their citizens followed, like other Immigrants, In search of opportunities they would not have had In Europe. Fundamentally, most Immigrants moved for the same reason, and were encouraged by Imperialism, despite being of vastly different backgrounds. African slaves are a notable exception to most Immigrants their diaspora was, generally speaking, Involuntary, undesirable (for them), and certainly not for the same reason as the aforementioned Europeans and Chinese. Slaver Is not new, It happened In the Muslim empire among others, but the extent to which slave labor was used because It was profitable Impacted the world greatly around this time. Despite the slave trade being banned In many places at the beginning of the 1 8th century, the forced migration of African slaves was an centuries to come. As in Asia, Europeans also moved into settled colonies in Africa, gain for better opportunity, and due to imperialism, again showing the ubiquitous impact of imperialism during this time. Long-distance migration became increasingly common as transportation makes it more possible, and as people need or want different things they believe can be found in a faraway place. Mostly, it was for economic reasons that people immigrated or, indeed, were forced to immigrate. This period marked a massive increase in global migration and some change in migration patterns, but the fundamental motivation for migration remained the same.

World Peace Essays - Virtue, Ripples, Peace, World Peace, Kindness

World Peace World peace to me is like an eight billion-piece puzzle. It's as if you can only do so much by yourself until you need a helping hand. Just like a puzzle, the world can look perfect for an amount of time until someone decides to destroy its beauty. We all wish that the puzzle would never come apart but in time everything dose. Just like a puzzle, world peace can be put back together, and all it needs is a helping hand. It only takes one person to end the hate, and the uncivil greed. As well it only takes one person to start the peace in which it makes the world seem to gleam. I know that at this time world peace can't be written down on a piece of paper, but it can be seen through our daily actions. No matter what flag you pledge under we are all the same. All this world need is a little love and understanding. Anyone cam promote peace in their community just by lending a hand or giving a smile. A good heart is what helps us to create peace in our community on earth. To have the world find its peace each and every one of us must try and find the good in everyone and everything. Acts of kindness are like ripples in a pond, when you toss a single stone in the water the ripples multiply. The ripple gets bigger and bigger until the ripples cover the entire surface of the pond. The kind acts of a single person are instilled in other to do the same. Kindness will spread and the whole world can eventually be a better place. The world is on the right foot to be working toward a nonviolent environment and trying to end those difficult situations so we have a chance to improve our surrounding. By following in the footsteps of Martin Luther King Jr. and Gandhi we have achieved equal rights and we have stopped segregation. There's really only two-steps in working toward total world peace. The first step is to treat others as you would want to be treated and secondly to stop the fighting. Fighting only make's situations worse, so compromise. We should always have our hearts open and be ready to give and if you know this then many others do as well. So, to end the hate and greed, it only takes one person to embark on peace and end the hate and to start the peace that which will never end. That which makes the world seam to gleam. So don't say that day will come someday. Bring on that day because it's not a dream it's a goal that can be reached with just a little effort. So in all, don't ignore the past in the attempt to maintain peace. We must remember the past and learn from it; that is its highest value. If somehow we forget the past, we are truly doomed to repeat it. English Essays

Moral obligations of multinational corporations

Introduction Majority believe that Multinational Corporations (MNCs) have the moral obligations to support poor countries because of their financial capabilities. However, most of the firms have been subjected to ethical examination concerning their conduct of exploiting the resources in hosting nations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Moral obligations of multinational corporations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, libertarian theorists supported the notion that multinational corporations have the moral responsibility of giving back to the society in any form that is deemed beneficial. The reason is that the resources multinational corporations continue to exploit should benefit the whole society. On the contrary, critics argue that the major aim of such organizations is to exploit the resources of host nations for economic, social and ecological expansion. Further, multinational corporations participate in criminal activities that undermine the human dignity (Donaldson 70). The paper argues for the case basing the arguments on various theoretical framework including libertarianism as well as Avoid, Protect and Aid rules of MNCs toward the society. In other words, the paper will focus on the Avoid, Protect and Aid rules of MNCs toward the society to bring out clearly the reasons why multinational corporations have ethical obligation to fulfill. However, the paper will utilize the rights in the global market concept to criticize the views held by libertarian theories to analyze the benefits of MNCs considering treatment of native employees, foreign ventures, transfer of modern expertise and management techniques. The rights in the global market concept examine the need for multinational corporations to uphold individual rights particularly in host countries.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Libertarian theories According to libertarian theories of the corporate and global capitalism, multinational enterprises have moral obligations of returning proceeds to stakeholders within the bounds of moral side-constraints that are grounded in the rules of the game (Arnold 158). In addition, the return of profits should be within the precincts of societal anticipations including promotion of background institutions, legal obligations, morals as well as social corporate responsibility. Core to the benefits multinational institutions offer to the society is the economic aid that is geared towards alleviating societal tribulations. Avoid, Protect and Aid rules of MNCs The realization of social and economic rights Multinational corporations have inserted a lot of social and economic influence in the affairs of the host countries. In fact, with decreased influence of government agencies on the public affairs, multinational corporations are part of the private entities that have increasingly gained a lot of influence on the public affairs. Benefits the public is likely to get from the MNCs are part of the economic rights of an individual. In fact, multinational corporations realize their goals to the community through many ways. The first important avenue is the societal institutions. Strengthening such institutions provides a sure means through which multinational organizations can be utilized to provide aid to the needy people in poor countries (Hsieh 270). The fundamental units of the society such as education, health, economic institutions and governments are critical concerning the operations of business organizations. Multinational corporations have to collaborate with these institutions in order to attain the main role of returning part of their proceeds to the society. In fact, multinational corporations should recognize the importance of various institutions of society and understand that firms cannot operate in a void (Hsieh 170). In oth er words, multinational corporations are part of the economic institutions of society and should benefit the communities in which they operate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Moral obligations of multinational corporations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In principle, the multinational enterprises operate in multifaceted circumstances and have moral obligations to meet the demands of various societal institutions including governments, as well as the community hosting their operations. Corporate accountability Besides, the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) currently being applied in a corporate world has been derived from the principles of libertarianism. In fact, the idea of corporate social responsibility has been practiced over the last decades. The notion coins the importance of corporations to the communities surrounding areas where such enterprises operate. In fact, the principle behind CS R is that large corporations are responsible for individual actions. Besides, the benefits of the corporations should be shared by the communities, which are considered as part of the stakeholders. Actually, there is a growing concern among international groups particularly Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) urging global enterprises to balance proceeds with community residency. In other words, multinational corporations have moral obligations to meet the economic, legal and ethical as well as charitable anticipations of the society (Falkenberg 32). In the current global context where market determines the survivability of firms, multinational corporations should include the components of global CSR in operations in order to continue existing. The elements of international CSR entail economic, legal and ethical roles. Further, international enterprises are also expected to be good corporate citizens through philanthropic responsibilities (Arnold 158). In reality, multinational co rporations should be socially responsible through the provision of financial, as well as any other aid the communities may need.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In other words, they should be supportive of the needy communities particularly through direct financial aid or contributing hugely towards activities that alleviate social problems afflicting the society. Core to the libertarian principles are the economic responsibilities of multinational corporations. The main argument is that multinational corporations should indulge in activities that benefit the society. Actually, the foundation of global business processes is to produce goods and services that provide solutions to problems afflicting the society (Falkenberg 20). In other words, profit making which is always the ultimate objective of multinational enterprises should meet requirements of the global society. Essentially, firms should adhere to global strategic management principles that provide ethical guidance on the achievement of production and profit. Through profits, multinational corporations have the capability of providing financial aid or contributing to the actions gea red towards meeting the needs of society (Arnold 159). Besides, multinational corporations can engage in the production of goods and services that directly benefit the society. For instance, multinationals in the pharmaceutical industry can engage in producing anti-retroviral (ARV) drugs that can directly be used to alleviate deaths resulting from HIV/AIDS in poor countries instead of contributing to financial aid. Further, multinational organizations must abide by the specified acceptable rates of return in host nations. The reason is that MNCs operate in countries that are in dire need of aid. Besides, total annual earnings of MNCs equal the host countries’ Gross Domestic Product (GDP). As such, it would be natural for these countries to ask for higher rates of return from the global corporations (Hsieh 266). Nonetheless, one major issue in the current policy is whether multinational corporations have greater responsibilities to the wider society. As observed by libertarian theorists, most scholarly works support the argument that multinational corporations have greater responsibilities to respond to societal needs. However, critics of the view argue that the sole responsibility of multinational enterprises is to guarantee that shareholders obtain their due. In other words, the multinational corporations are responsible to the shareholders and not the society. Activities of MNCs geared towards the society should be considered philanthropic and not a moral duty. In essence, the shareholders should decide whether to share their dividends with the society. Moreover, multinational corporations should respond to the needs of society without hurting the businesses, as well as main objective of maximizing profit. As indicated, calls for multinational corporations to contribute to the needs of society are not only limited to NGOs but also world leaders, activists and scholars. The reason is that considering the financial capabilities, MNCs are in better posit ions to offer assistance. However, assistances from multinational corporations should not go against the main purpose of making profits. The principle of providing aid underlies actions that would prevent an occurrence of a problem. According to this perspective, multinational corporations should take actions geared towards preventing the societal problems by incurring little costs. In fact, costs involved in the social responsibility should be less than the corporate returns. In addition, multinational corporations should act when presented with situations where the costs of preventing major problems afflicting society are relatively small. In other words, MNCs have moral responsibilities of preventing major problems afflicting society at small costs. Essentially, the libertarian principles justify moral actions of the MNCs. Government regulation Multinational corporations often undermine the government regulations in their endeavors in host nations (Donaldson 68). Actually, in the global context, numerous states lack well-defined regulatory frameworks that standardize the ethical obligations of multinational enterprises. Besides, in foreign countries, the operations of multinational corporations are smoothened by the failure of host states to come up with set of laws that protect the civil liberties of workers. In other words, local government officials normally have financial interests in the actions of MNCs thereby opening space for corruption to thrive. Generally, multinational enterprises have moral duties to recognize workers’ freedom of physical movement (Donaldson 70). In other words, workers should not be subjected to strict rules disallowing movements from positions of duty. Additionally, fair trials, freedom from torture as well as ownership of property are significant liberties that workers in multinational enterprises should enjoy. Over the past years, many multinational corporations embraced nepotism by discriminating individuals based on race, sexual orientation, religion, family affiliation as well as social class. Further, labor unions play significant roles to ensure that workers’ rights are upheld and honored (Donaldson 77). As such, multinational corporations are duty-bound to desist from coercive campaigns and strategies that restrict the surfacing of workers’ unions through lobbying host states to prevent emergence of labor movements. Additionally, multinational corporations have in the past aided in overthrowing governments and states as well as offering support for authoritarian heads of governments in order to carry on with unethical activities (Donaldson 79). For example, the overthrow of Honduras government in 1950s was aided by a MNC. Besides, MNCs have moral obligations to refrain from supporting autocratic regimes in emerging democracies as well as bribing public officials. Specifically, Lockheed Company undermined the democratic gains made in Japan by offering inducements to the nation ’s prime minister in order to be awarded jet contracts. Such actions weaken democracy as well as breach the right to national freewill. Multinational enterprises should also observe the authorized legal systems in host nations. Besides, MNCs have moral obligations to observe international conventions and justice systems that protect the rights of individuals. The major focus of international justice revolves on the rights that individuals are supposed to enjoy (O’Neil 182). Nonetheless, international justice often ignores the requirements capable of protecting the rights of individuals. Essentially, multinational corporations have moral obligations of abiding by the varying social contracts they have with host nations. However, multinational enterprises are capable of escaping laws by moving operations from one nation to another (Velasquez 36). Good reputation is an essential aspect in the operations of international firms. In essence, multinational organizations have to ensure that their operations are based on acceptable societal practices, which are not necessarily within the legal domain. In fact, no global business would wish to be listed as the worst performing corporation since such publications lead to loss of good repute (Donaldson 74). Generally, multinational enterprises have a universal responsibility of recognizing norms, practices and anticipations reflecting beliefs that are considered fair and consistent in relation to values and fortifications of ethical rights of stakeholders. In other words, ethical principles of moral philosophy including justice and rights should form the bedrock of business operations. Rights in the global market Multinational corporations have the moral obligations to honor and protect the squashed civil liberties of workers in the global context (Donaldson 67). Further, freedom of speech, basic nutrition and freedom from torture as well as right to education are major issues of concern in several nations. In fact, most countries around the world still deny citizens basic rights. For instance, wife beating and child labor are common in Korea and Central America respectively. Essentially, MNCs have the moral responsibility to decline engaging children in the operations of such firms through employment. Further, the wellbeing of personnel is an important obligation that MNCs must address. Actually, in situations where multinational enterprises are not obliged to follow morals in operations, firms often act against societal expectations. For instance, in 1988, multinational firms in the US and Britain dumped toxic wastes in West African states such as Ghana, Nigeria, Ivory Coast and Guinea Bissau due to rising costs of waste disposal. Conclusion Generally, multinational corporations have moral obligation to the society. In fact, critics argue that MNCs often trade in products that are unsuitable and harmful to the natives of host nations. Additionally, critics argue that multinational en terprises normally undermine the guidelines put in place to protect the rights of workers in host nations. On the other hand, fans of MNCs note that multinational enterprises are significant in the development of host nations through creation of employment opportunities as well as returning earnings within the precincts of societal anticipations to promote background institutions, legal obligations, morals as well as social corporate responsibility. Essentially, respect for core human values, local traditions and belief in the contemporary context when making decisions are critical in shaping ethical conduct of multinational firms. Essentially, lack of clear moral obligations is to blame for the unethical behaviors of MNCs ranging from exploitation of resources, lack of respect for core human rights and cultures. Therefore, multinational enterprises have moral obligations to fulfill in global operations including respecting human values and labor laws. Works Cited Arnold, Denis. â⠂¬Å"Libetarian Theories of the Corporation and Global Capitalism.† Journal of Business Ethics, 48.2 (2003), 155-173. Print. Donaldson, Thomas. â€Å"Rights in Global Market Place.† The Academy of Management Review, 20.1 (1990), 65-91. Print. Falkenberg, Andreas Wyller. â€Å"When in Rome. â€Å"Moral Maturity and Ethics for International Economic Organization.† Journal of Business Ethics, 54.1 (2004), 17-32. Print. Hsieh, Nien-he. â€Å"Does Business have a Responsibility to Promote Just Institutions?† Business Ethics Quarterly, 19.2 (2009), 251-273. Print. O’Neil, Onora. â€Å"Agents of Justice.† Metaphilosophy, 32.2 (2001), 180–195. Print. Velasquez, Manuel. â€Å"International Business, Morality and the Common Good.† Business Ethics Quarterly, 2.1 (1992), 27-40. Print. This essay on Moral obligations of multinational corporations was written and submitted by user Franco Byers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Critical Thinking 3 Essay Example

Critical Thinking 3 Essay Example Critical Thinking 3 Essay Critical Thinking 3 Essay Essay Topic: Critical Thinking Critical Thinking Questions: Week 3 Name: Course: Date: Critical Thinking Questions: Week 3 Chapter 7 – Designing for Problem Solving1. Describe a Policy Problem that you might assign a learner, using an actual issue that’s being debated in today’s political news. How would you solve the problem? The issue of abortion has been among the most controversial issues around the world given the presence of both opposing and supporting sides of the policy. The solution to this problem would be achieved through the evaluation of the positive and negative attributes of either the opposing or the supporting sides. This is further dependent on individual opinions and beliefs towards the issue. Hence, individuals assume positions based on their beliefs and opinions. The benefits and demerits of a policy determine its acceptance or denial by the students (Reiser, Dempsey, 2002).2. Why does the author state that problem solving is the most natural, complex, and meaningful kind of learning/thinking activity? Do you agree or disagree? Explain I agree with the author’s view that â€Å"problem solving is the most natural, complex, and meaningful kind of learning/thinking activity† because of the ability of learners to use such platforms to develop their rational capacities (Cavanaugh, 2004). This is because ability to make decisions and solve problems results in growth in ability to make similar as well as complex decisions and solutions for such levels of problems. Humans possess cognitive abilities which they use in solving problems. Rationality is based on use of experiences as a means of developing solutions related to such a situation. Hence, a solution to a problem is usually developed based on the use of experiences and the skills for development of solutions gained through problem solving (Newby, 2006).Chapter 8 – Instructional Theory and Technology for a Postindustrial World1.What other characteristics of the learning process and learning environment do can you envision for a postindustrial par adigm of instruction? What are some of the barriers to making this type of instruction a reality? The post-industrial educational system is as a result of the changes or shift from an industrial society to a postindustrial society. This has resulted in new educational systems such as distance learning, home-schooling volunteering and internships. It is an indication of a shift from necessity of physical attendance into institutions (Reiser, Dempsey, 2002). The barriers to the full utilization of the post industrial system are the reluctance to change from the traditional industrial system. This is because the industrial system is considered as providing employment to a sizeable number of individuals both directly and indirectly (Cavanaugh, 2004).2. What are some ways that technology can make post-industrial instruction easier on teachers? Include examples not given in the chapter. In what ways might it make it more difficult? Technology could provide teachers with the ability to make specialized teaching to individual students such as through distance learning. It could also provide teachers and learners with an avenue for interactions on a professional level in issues related to coursework or educational activities. This provides teachers with the ability to cultivate the interests of the students towards educational activities. Hence, this has potency to improve productivity from an educational perspective (Newby, 2006). Technology could also make this more difficult. In a case where training is not done correctly, technology is rendered useless as its use becomes difficult.Chapter 9 – Motivation, Volition, and Performance 1. Compare and contrast motivation with volition. What are some ways that they can interact to support or diminish one another? Motivation is the enthusiasm or drive towards the achievement of set goals and objectives or aspirations, whereas volition is termed as the individual will towards achievement of set goals and objectives. Volition is also termed as a process which transitions form actual intention to behavior towards the achievement of specific goals and objectives. On the other hand, motivation is termed as a process, which enables the development of behavioral intentions towards achievement certain goals and objectives (Reiser, Dempsey, 2002). 2. Applying volition strategies effectively can also be related to â€Å"good work habits†. What are some strategies that one might apply to strengthen their volition? How can these strategies be promoted through an online course? Decision making process is delicate towards the achievement of certain goals and objectives. Volition could be strengthened through the establishment of precise goals and objectives for achievement (Newby, 2006). Motivation could be used to strengthen volition for achievement of set our goals and objectives. In addition, another strategy includes the use of timelines for achievement of goals and objectives to ensure that an individual is able to strengthen his or her volition.

Earth Embankment Dam Filters With reference to journal papers (a Essay

Earth Embankment Dam Filters With reference to journal papers (a minimum of 3) and text books (a maximum of 3), discuss the late - Essay Example Some of the causes of embankment include embankment deformations under static loading, which occur due to volumetric changes, tangential and shear displacements within the embankment and groundwork materials. This study establishes that the volumetric changes are due to either a raise in the normal stresses on a soil constituent, which causes a decrease in void volume, or dilation of soil rudiments undergoing shear (INDRARATNA, & ASHOK, 2006). The riskiest event of an embankment dam is when it overtops beyond its spillways thus causing the ultimate failure. What is the purpose of upstream and downstream filters? Upstream can be defined a course away from the supply of power in a fluid system under the pretext of an embankment dam. In other words, downstream in a hydraulic structure is in the same bearing as the fluid is moving. To start with, the purpose of the downstream filters involves upgrading the dams intended to meet the safety standards. It is imperative to note that retrofit ting stepped up spillways to the dam is the most recent and accepted method, where when the waters flows down a stepped spillways, the water surface changes from a smooth surface to a rough surface with visible white water (INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON LARGE DAMS, 1994). Designing of the stepped spillways, and stilling basins finds the knowledge of the beginning of the white water fundamental. This paper indicates that stepped spillways used to embankment dams particularly on the downward filtering have become a common phenomenon with the rehabilitation of aging watershed dams more particularly those experiencing a hazard classification change from low to high hazard (PERRY, 2007). This study finds that the initiation point is significant region for a spillway design factor applied in energy debauchery and entrainment forecast associations. For instance, Chanson developed an inception point correlation for gravity stepped; spillways with an ogee crest control section. However, Chan son’s correlation tends to overvalue the distance from the downstream periphery of a broad-crested barrier to the inception point for stepped spillways with is presented by () when the Froude surface coarseness is less than 10 (PERRY, 2007). Meireles and Matos maximized Chanson's association for broad-crested weir stepped spillways retrofitted for embankment dams (PERRY, 2007). There are numerous new associations for projecting the original point location for broad-crested step spillways classically designed for embankment dams for a extensive range of flow conditions such that the F*? 100 and Froude surface roughness ?100. Upstream can be defined as a course towards the spring of power in a fluid structure in the context of an embankment dam. Upstream in a hydraulic system is in the direction from which the fluid is coming (PERRY, 2007). It is imperative to note that, both the downward and upward streams filters are fundamental in numerous functions, which include acting as cut offs, casing, slope protection, surface drainage and as impervious blanket. How are such filters designed? This study intends to consider the design of these filters that makes them perform the listed functions in the current dynamic environmental changes. Cut off The cut off is significant in plummeting the loss of stored water through foundations and abutments. In addition, it prevents sub-surface erosion by piping (PERRY, 2007). The design that fits makes this filters to function